Variables & Types Name a value, Python infers the rest
Python doesn't ask you to declare a type up front — it looks at the value on the right of the = and figures out what kind of thing it's holding.
Loops Repeat, with a running variable
A for loop walks through a sequence one item at a time. A while loop keeps going as long as a condition holds — you control when it stops.
Functions Name a block, reuse it anywhere
A function packages up a piece of logic under a name, with inputs (parameters) and an output (the return value) — write it once, call it as many times as you need.
List Comprehensions A loop and a filter, in one line
A list comprehension builds a new list by transforming each item from an existing one — optionally keeping only the items that pass a condition.
Pandas Basics Load, filter, summarize
A DataFrame is a table in memory. Most everyday work is three moves: read the data in, filter down to the rows you care about, and summarize a column.